US astronaut Edgar Mitchell, who was the sixth man to walk on the Moon, has died aged 85.
Captain Mitchell passed away at a hospice in West Palm Beach, Florida, one day before the 45th anniversary of his moon landing, his family said.
As part of the Apollo 14 mission in 1971, he spent more than nine hours on the Moon conducting experiments.
In 2008 he caused consternation after revealing in a radio interview that he believed aliens had visited Earth.
Mr Mitchell’s mission to the moon was the fourth in the US Apollo series, and the first to follow the ill-fated Apollo 13 which aborted its attempt to land after an oxygen tank explosion.
Mr Mitchell and his crewmate, another Navy officer, Captain Alan B. Shepard Jr., made it safely to the lunar surface. Their landing site was the Fra Mauro Highlands, a hilly area that was the target of the failed Apollo 13 mission.
During their 33 hours at the site, the two astronauts collected 45kg (94lb) of Moonrock for examination back on earth and completed the longest moonwalk in history.
Captain Shepard Jr. also hit a number of golf balls he had stowed onboard for the purpose, reporting later that they travelled “miles and miles and miles” in the low lunar gravity. They were later estimated to have travelled several hundred feet.
Mr Mitchell returned to Earth with more than Moonrock, telling reporters he said he had had an “epiphany” in space and brought home “an overwhelming sense of oneness, of connectedness”.
He left Nasa the following year and set up the Institute of Noetic Sciences, which aimed to support “individual and collective transformation through consciousness research”.
In 1974, he described his lunar epiphany to the New York Times: “It was a sense of the Earth being in critical condition, a recognition of the massive insanity which had led man into deeper and deeper crises on the planet.
“Above all, I felt the need for a radical change in our culture. I knew we were replete with untapped intuitive and psychic forces which we must utilize if we were to survive, forces that Western society had programmed us to disregard.”
Aliens and UFOs
Mr Mitchell devoted much of his later life to studying the mind and unexplained phenomena. In 2008, he claimed that aliens had visited Earth and said he believed there was a government cover-up.
“I happen to have been privileged enough to be in on the fact that we’ve been visited on this planet and the UFO phenomena is real,” he said in an interview with Kerrang Radio.
“It’s been well covered up by all our governments for the last 60 years or so, but slowly it’s leaked out and some of us have been privileged to have been briefed on some of it.”
Unlike his post-Nasa life, Mr Mitchell took a very traditional route to becoming an astronaut. He flew fighter jets for the Navy before becoming a test pilot – a profession from which many of the early Apollo crews were drawn.
He joined the astronaut corps in April 1966, five years before he went into space. Apollo 14 was his only spaceflight.
Of the 12 men who have set foot on the Moon, seven are left following Mr Mitchell’s death, including Buzz Aldrin, Neil Armstrong’s crewmate on the first mission in 1969.
Mr Mitchell was married twice and divorced twice. He is survived by four daughters and a son.
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